Upgrade Stylo to 2025-06-03 (#37444)

This continues #36835

Changelog:
- Upstream:
ca369cbc83...7e2201c32c
- Servo fixups:
f387e6396c...2e1f66b068

Stylo tracking issue: https://github.com/servo/stylo/issues/200

---------

Signed-off-by: Oriol Brufau <obrufau@igalia.com>

components/layout/lists.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ pub(crate) fn make_marker<'dom>(
         Image::CrossFade(..) |
         Image::PaintWorklet(..) |
         Image::None => None,
+        Image::LightDark(..) => unreachable!("light-dark() should be disabled"),
     };
     let content = marker_image().or_else(|| {
         Some(vec![PseudoElementContentItem::Text(